United States emission factors: grid, losses and fuels.
US EPA eGRID2023 rev2 · US national 0.3497 kg CO2e/kWh
Grid electricity
Our carbon reports multiply a company's purchased kWh by this factor for location-based Scope 2. For a US company that gives its state, ledger electricity spend is priced with that state's US EPA eGRID 2023 rate and the state's average commercial electricity price (EIA), and kWh entered directly use the eGRID subregion that serves most of the state (table below). With no state given, the national average applies.
Network losses are reported separately, in Scope 3 Category 3: EPA 2025 Emission Factors Hub · Table 6 · US Avg 4.2% grid loss.
US grid factors by eGRID subregion
| Subregion | Area | kg CO2e per kWh |
|---|---|---|
| AKGD | Alaska Grid | 0.4106 |
| AKMS | Alaska Miscellaneous | 0.237 |
| AZNM | WECC Southwest (AZ, NM) | 0.3203 |
| CAMX | California | 0.195 |
| ERCT | ERCOT All (Texas) | 0.3341 |
| FRCC | Florida | 0.356 |
| HIMS | Hawaii Miscellaneous | 0.5141 |
| HIOA | Hawaii Oahu | 0.6799 |
| MROE | MRO East (WI, parts MI) | 0.6373 |
| MROW | MRO West (MN, IA, ND, SD, NE) | 0.4203 |
| NEWE | New England (CT, MA, ME, NH, RI, VT) | 0.2464 |
| NWPP | Northwest Power Pool (OR, WA, ID, MT, parts UT WY) | 0.2882 |
| NYCW | NYC/Westchester | 0.3927 |
| NYLI | Long Island | 0.5395 |
| NYUP | Upstate NY | 0.1101 |
| PRMS | Puerto Rico Miscellaneous | 0.7024 |
| RFCE | RFC East (DE, NJ, PA parts, MD parts, DC) | 0.2718 |
| RFCM | RFC Michigan | 0.4427 |
| RFCW | RFC West (OH, IN, KY, WV, VA, PA parts) | 0.4155 |
| RMPA | Rocky Mountain (CO, parts WY) | 0.4729 |
| SPNO | SPP North (KS, NE parts) | 0.3936 |
| SPSO | SPP South (OK, AR, LA parts, TX parts) | 0.3972 |
| SRMV | SERC Mississippi Valley (LA, AR parts, MS) | 0.3364 |
| SRMW | SERC Midwest (IL, MO, IN parts) | 0.5663 |
| SRSO | SERC South (AL, GA, MS parts) | 0.3837 |
| SRTV | SERC Tennessee Valley (TN, KY parts, AL parts, MS parts) | 0.4097 |
| SRVC | SERC Virginia/Carolina (VA, NC, SC) | 0.2705 |
Source: US EPA eGRID 2023.
Fuels
Fuel burned in vehicles and equipment the company owns or controls is Scope 1. When a ledger gives fuel spend and we hold a published local price for that fuel and month, the engine turns the spend into litres or kWh at that price and applies the factor below (see supported countries). Fuel spend without a local price is priced at a US reference price, and fuel quantities entered directly in litres or kWh use the EPA Hub factors.
| Fuel | Factor | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Petrol | 2.3834 kg CO2e per litre | EPA Hub 2025, per litre |
| Diesel | 2.7781 kg CO2e per litre | EPA Hub 2025, per litre |
| Heating oil | 2.7781 kg CO2e per litre | EPA Hub 2025, per litre |
| Natural gas | 0.1812 kg CO2e per kWh | EPA Hub 2025, per kWh (gross CV) |
Scope 3 purchases
US EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors v1.3 (from USEEIO; USD 2022 purchaser prices, moved to each purchase's year with the BEA GDP deflator).
Frequently asked questions
What is the grid electricity emission factor for the United States?
0.3497 kg CO2e per kWh, from US EPA eGRID2023 rev2 · US national 0.3497 kg CO2e/kWh. Our carbon reports multiply a company's purchased kWh by it for location-based Scope 2, unless the company gives its state, when that state's own figure applies.
Are transmission and distribution losses included?
They are reported separately, in Scope 3 Category 3, using EPA 2025 Emission Factors Hub · Table 6 · US Avg 4.2% grid loss.
Which emission factor is used for diesel spend in the United States?
2.7781 kg per litre, from EPA Hub 2025, per litre.
Which factors are used for Scope 3 purchases in the United States?
US EPA Supply Chain GHG Emission Factors v1.3 (from USEEIO; USD 2022 purchaser prices, moved to each purchase's year with the BEA GDP deflator).
Factor pack v2.6.17. All countries · Refrigerants · Methodology
These factors, applied to your ledger.
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